B33, Horsehead Nebula


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  • Exposure time: 4 hours (20 min. sub-exposures)
  • Lens/telescope: INTES 150 mm (6") MK-69 at f/6
  • Image scale: 1.24 arcseconds per pixel, FOV 68.5' x 51.6' (F = 900 mm at 5.4 micron pixels)
  • Camera: SBIG ST-8300M (T: -30 degrees Celsius) with Baader H-alpha 7 nm narrowband filter
  • Mount: Astro-Physics Mach1 GTO (guide rate: 1x, PEM activated)
  • Guiding: TS OAG + SX Lodestar + PHD (small dither, settle < 0.5)
  • SQM: - (not measured)
  • Location: Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
  • Date: February 2 - 3, 2012
Workflow

Image acquisition:
  • Capturing 12 light frames of 1200s
  • Capturing 1 flat frame of 60s with a Geoptik Flatfield Generator
Pre-processing in Nebulosity (v2.3.5) and Sigma Beta 10:
  • Pre-processing the flat frame with a master bias frame (from library) in Nebulosity
  • Pre-processing the light frames with a master bias frame and the pre-processed flat frame
  • Subtracting the bad pixels from the pre-processed light frames with a bad pixel map (from library)
  • Matching the histrograms of the pre-processed, bad pixel substracted light frames
  • Aligning (registering) the pre-processed, bad pixels subtracted light frames and saving each individual file
  • Stacking the individually saved registered files with "Average of Medians" algorithm in Sigma Beta 10
  • Trimming the dark edges by making a crop
  • Applying the "Digital Development Processing (DDP)" tool
Post-processing in Photoshop (CS4):
  • Adjusting levels and curves in order to get a smooth and proper histogram and as much dynamic range as possible without clipping
  • Applying Astronomy Tools v1.6 "Local Contrast Enhancement" action (applied locally on the high contrast details by using a clipping mask)

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